As we get older and become more sedentary, our muscles atrophy. This leads to unhealthy cycle because it reduces our ability to burn calories, and so on. Give priority to better understand how exercise helps to build and maintain muscles can help us we need to practice above other competing tasks eat up our time and leave us stressed and tired at bedtime.
Exercise boosts health, reducing the risk for most people to develop diabetes, and obesity. But just how, cellular level, exercise of this magic is useful – what are the physiological steps involved and in what order – remain rather vague surprising. However, several interesting new studies, some clarity by showing that the practice seems able to radically change how genes.
Genes, of course, are not static. Turn on or off, depending on what biochemical signals they receive from elsewhere in the body. When it runs, the expression of various proteins that genes, in turn, prompted a series of physiological processes in the body.
One powerful way to influence gene activity involves a process called methylation, which attach to the outer part of the methyl groups, a gene of carbon and hydrogen atoms, to make it easier or harder for that gene to receive and respond to messages from the body. In this way, change the behavior of genes, but not the basic structure of the gene itself. Significantly, these patterns can be transmitted to offspring – methylation phenomenon known as Epigenetics.
What is fascinating about the process of methylation appears to be driven largely by how you live your life. And many studies have found, for example, affects diet, particularly methylation genes, and scientists working in this area suspect that methylation patterns of genetic variation resulting from difference partly diets may determine whether a person develops diabetes and other metabolic diseases. But the role of physical activity in the methylation of genes is poorly understood, although the practice, such as diet, significantly changes the body. So several groups of scientists recently set out to determine what is working not for external part our genes.
The answer, show results published recently.
New studies, perhaps most tantalizing, conducted by researchers affiliated with the Foundation "Diabetes Center at the University of Lund in Sweden and published last month in the" one plus ", and began recruiting several dozen stable but generally healthy Swedish men and absorb some of the fat cells. Using recently developed molecular techniques, researchers set patterns of methylation in DNA inside those cells. They measured body composition for men, aerobic capacity, and waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and similar signs of health and fitness.
Then they asked men to their introduction. Under the guidance of trainer, volunteers began attending them spinning or aerobics approximately twice a week for six months. At the end of that time, the guys shed fat and inches around waists and increased endurance and improved blood pressure and cholesterol profiles.
Less visible, but perhaps more consequentially, and changed the pattern of methylation of genes in fat cells. Actually, the 9,200 more than individual sites separate 7663 genes in fat cells now show patterns of methylation are changed. In most cases, methylated genes may be over, but some were fewer methyl groups attached. Both affect how we express those genes proteins.
View more change in gene methylation also tend to be those that were previously defined as playing some role in fat storage and the risk of diabetes or obesity.
Says Charlotte ling, Assistant Professor at Lund University and senior author of the study, "our data suggest that exercise may affect your risk for type 2 diabetes and obesity by changing the DNA methylation of the gene".
On the other hand, other studies have found that exercise has a profound influence on equal footing on DNA methylation in human muscle cells, even after one workout.
To reach this conclusion, muscle biopsies taken from a group of men and women established scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm and other institutions and set patterns of methylation in muscle cells. Then they had the volunteers until they're fixed bike had burned about 400 calories. Some rode hard, others more easily.
After that, the muscle biopsy showed again the already changing patterns of DNA methylation in muscle cells after that workout, with some methyl groups gain genes and some losing them. Many genes further change, as in a fat cell, known for the production of proteins that affect the body's metabolism, including the risk for diabetes and obesity.
Comprehensive effects of the results of the study, says Glenn zirath, a Professor of integrative Physiology at the Karolinska Institute and senior author of the study, DNA methylation changes probably "one of the amendments as soon as possible" and the physical changes tracing engine.
Of course, not be completely teased the intricacies of this complex process boglingli. Scientists do not know, for example, whether the changes resulting from the exercise of methylation linger if someone become sedentary, or if resistance training similar effects on the behavior of genes. As it known whether these changes may be passed from one generation to the next. But already it is clear, says Dr ling, the new results "further evidence of strong influence can be exercised in the human body, even at the level of our DNA."
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